Imperatives (Commands)

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral

Meaning: Giving orders, instructions, and requests

给出命令、指示和请求
Dar órdenes, instrucciones y peticiones
命令、指示、依頼を与える
명령, 지시, 요청하기

Imperatives use the base verb without a subject (the subject 'you' is understood). Negative imperatives use 'Don't + verb'. Add 'please' for politeness. 'Let's' includes the speaker in a suggestion.

祈使句使用动词原形,不需要主语(主语'you'是隐含的)。否定祈使句用'Don't + 动词'。加上'please'表示礼貌。'Let's'用于包含说话者的建议。
Los imperativos usan el verbo base sin sujeto (el sujeto 'you' se sobreentiende). Los imperativos negativos usan 'Don't + verbo'. Añade 'please' para ser cortés. 'Let's' incluye al hablante en una sugerencia.
命令形は主語なしで動詞の原形を使います(主語「you」は省略されています)。否定命令形は「Don't + 動詞」を使います。丁寧さのために「please」を加えます。「Let's」は話し手を含む提案です。
명령문은 주어 없이 동사 원형을 사용합니다 (주어 'you'는 생략됨). 부정 명령문은 'Don't + 동사'를 사용합니다. 정중하게 하려면 'please'를 추가합니다. 'Let's'는 화자를 포함한 제안입니다.

Examples

  1. Close the door.' (order)
    关上门。'(命令)
    Cierra la puerta.' (orden)
    ドアを閉めてください。'(命令)
    문을 닫으세요.' (명령)
  2. Please sit down.' (polite request)
    请坐。'(礼貌请求)
    Por favor, siéntate.' (petición cortés)
    どうぞお座りください。'(丁寧な依頼)
    앉아 주세요.' (정중한 요청)
  3. Don't touch that!' (negative command)
    别碰那个!'(否定命令)
    ¡No toques eso!' (comando negativo)
    それに触らないで!'(否定命令)
    그거 만지지 마!' (부정 명령)
  4. Let's go!' (suggestion including speaker)
    我们走吧!'(包含说话者的建议)
    ¡Vamos!' (sugerencia que incluye al hablante)
    行きましょう!'(話者を含む提案)
    가자!' (화자를 포함한 제안)

Pronunciation

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, instructions

Tone: commanding

✓ Do Say

  • Turn left at the corner.
    在拐角处左转。
    Gira a la izquierda en la esquina.
    角を左に曲がってください。
    Turn left at the corner.
  • Please wait here.
    请在这里等候。
    Por favor espera aquí.
    ここでお待ちください。
    Please wait here.
  • Don't be late!
    别迟到!
    ¡No llegues tarde!
    遅刻しないで!
    Don't be late!
  • Let's have lunch.
    我们吃午饭吧。
    Almorcemos.
    昼食を食べましょう。
    Let's have lunch.

✗ Don't Say

  • You close the door. (no subject needed)
    You close the door.(不需要主语)
    You close the door. (no se necesita sujeto)
    You close the door.(主語は不要)
    You close the door. (주어 불필요)
  • Not touch that! (Don't, not 'not')
    Not touch that!(用'Don't'而不是'not')
    Not touch that! (Don't, no 'not')
    Not touch that!(「Don't」を使う、「not」ではない)
    Not touch that! (Don't를 사용, 'not' 아님)
  • Let's to go. (no 'to')
    Let's to go.(不加'to')
    Let's to go. (sin 'to')
    Let's to go.(「to」は不要)
    Let's to go. ('to' 불필요)

Origin & History

Command form in English

Cultural Context

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

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