Imperatives (Commands)
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★★ Very Common
Neutral
Meaning: Giving orders, instructions, and requests
给出命令、指示和请求
Dar órdenes, instrucciones y peticiones
命令、指示、依頼を与える
명령, 지시, 요청하기
Imperatives use the base verb without a subject (the subject 'you' is understood). Negative imperatives use 'Don't + verb'. Add 'please' for politeness. 'Let's' includes the speaker in a suggestion.
祈使句使用动词原形,不需要主语(主语'you'是隐含的)。否定祈使句用'Don't + 动词'。加上'please'表示礼貌。'Let's'用于包含说话者的建议。
Los imperativos usan el verbo base sin sujeto (el sujeto 'you' se sobreentiende). Los imperativos negativos usan 'Don't + verbo'. Añade 'please' para ser cortés. 'Let's' incluye al hablante en una sugerencia.
命令形は主語なしで動詞の原形を使います(主語「you」は省略されています)。否定命令形は「Don't + 動詞」を使います。丁寧さのために「please」を加えます。「Let's」は話し手を含む提案です。
명령문은 주어 없이 동사 원형을 사용합니다 (주어 'you'는 생략됨). 부정 명령문은 'Don't + 동사'를 사용합니다. 정중하게 하려면 'please'를 추가합니다. 'Let's'는 화자를 포함한 제안입니다.
Examples
- Close the door.' (order) 关上门。'(命令)Cierra la puerta.' (orden)ドアを閉めてください。'(命令)문을 닫으세요.' (명령)
- Please sit down.' (polite request) 请坐。'(礼貌请求)Por favor, siéntate.' (petición cortés)どうぞお座りください。'(丁寧な依頼)앉아 주세요.' (정중한 요청)
- Don't touch that!' (negative command) 别碰那个!'(否定命令)¡No toques eso!' (comando negativo)それに触らないで!'(否定命令)그거 만지지 마!' (부정 명령)
- Let's go!' (suggestion including speaker) 我们走吧!'(包含说话者的建议)¡Vamos!' (sugerencia que incluye al hablante)行きましょう!'(話者を含む提案)가자!' (화자를 포함한 제안)
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: spoken, written, instructions
Tone: commanding
✓ Do Say
- Turn left at the corner.在拐角处左转。Gira a la izquierda en la esquina.角を左に曲がってください。Turn left at the corner.
- Please wait here.请在这里等候。Por favor espera aquí.ここでお待ちください。Please wait here.
- Don't be late!别迟到!¡No llegues tarde!遅刻しないで!Don't be late!
- Let's have lunch.我们吃午饭吧。Almorcemos.昼食を食べましょう。Let's have lunch.
✗ Don't Say
- You close the door. (no subject needed)You close the door.(不需要主语)You close the door. (no se necesita sujeto)You close the door.(主語は不要)You close the door. (주어 불필요)
- Not touch that! (Don't, not 'not')Not touch that!(用'Don't'而不是'not')Not touch that! (Don't, no 'not')Not touch that!(「Don't」を使う、「not」ではない)Not touch that! (Don't를 사용, 'not' 아님)
- Let's to go. (no 'to')Let's to go.(不加'to')Let's to go. (sin 'to')Let's to go.(「to」は不要)Let's to go. ('to' 불필요)
Origin & History
Command form in English
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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